Hanbi

In Sumerian and Akkadian mythology (and Mesopotamian mythology in general) Hanbi or Hanpa (more commonly known in western text) was the lord of evil, lord of all evil forces (Udug) and the father of Pazuzu.^[1]

Aside from his relationship with Pazuzu, very little is known of this figure.^[2]^{[failed verification]}

Some satanic cult have connected Hanbi to Helel, the jewish name translated by the Catholic Church to indicate Lucifer, however, Hanbi's characteristic of being a shadow born in the underworld, different from the sumerian gods (dingir) of the underworld, would make him more similar to the concept of the jewish shedim and se'iri or the islamic shaitan.

References

^ Bane, Theresa (2014-01-10). Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures. McFarland. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-7864-8894-0.
^ "Sumerian Deities". Sarissa.org. Archived from the original on 2010-12-20. Retrieved 2010-09-12.

3. Isaiah 14:12

4. The Complete Jewish Bible. Chabad.org.

5. The Complete Jewish Bible. Chabad.org.

6.Russell, J. B. (1987). The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity. Vereinigtes Königreich: Cornell University Press. p. 215

7 Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum. The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence. BRILL, 2015. ISBN 9789004306219. p. 127.

8.Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum. The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence. BRILL, 2015. ISBN 9789004306219. p. 128.

9. Benjamin W. McCraw, Robert Arp. Philosophical Approaches to Demonology. Routledge, 2017. ISBN 978-1-315-46675-0. p. 9.

10. W. Gunther Plaut, The Torah: A Modern Commentary (Union for Reform Judaism, 2005), p. 1403 online Dan Burton and David Grandy, Magic, Mystery, and Science: The Occult in Western Civilization (Indiana University Press, 2003), p. 120 online.

11."Old Testament Hebrew Entry for Strong's #7700 - שֵׁד". BlueLetterBible.org. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

12. Rachel Elior; Peter Schäfer (2005). על בריאה ועל יצירה במחשבה היהודית: ספר היובל לכבודו של יוסף דן במלאת לו שבעים שנה. Mohr Siebeck. p. 29. ISBN 978-3-16-148714-9.

13. Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses. Judika Illes. HarperCollins, Jan 2009. p. 902.

14. The Encyclopedia of Demons and Demonology. Rosemary Guiley. Infobase Publishing, May 12, 2010. p. 21.

15. Jan Dirk Blom, Iris E. C. Sommer. Hallucinations: Research and Practice. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011. ISBN 978-1-461-40958-8. p. 237.

16.The Expositor. The Expositor. 1907. p. 331.

17.Altschuler, David (1740–1780). Metzudat Zion on Isaiah (in Hebrew). Chapter 34:14.

18. Loos, H. v. d. (1965). The Miracles of Jesus. Belgien: E. J. Brill. p. 343

19.Maureen Bloom. Jewish Mysticism and Magic: An Anthropological Perspective. Routledge, 2007. ISBN 978-1-134-10329-4. p. 128.

20Edwards, J. R. (2009). The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition. Vereinigtes Königreich: Eerdmans Publishing Company. p.52

21 Taylor, P. (2020). A Jewish Guide to the Mysterious. Mosaica Press. ISBN 9781946351890. Zohar. 3:76b-77a.

22 Hurwitz, Siegmund (1999). Lilith - the First Eve: Historical and Psychological Aspects of the Dark Feminine. Daimon. ISBN 978-3-85630-577-2.

23"Chagigah 16a:5". www.sefaria.org. 24. Raphael Patai Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-317-47170-7 babylonian Talmud. pp. Gittin 68a.

25 Zohar. pp. 3:276a. "שדה | Definition of שדה at Definify". definify.com. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

26 Alexander Kulik, 'How the Devil Got His Hooves and Horns: The Origin of the Motif and the Implied Demonology of 3 Baruch', Numen, 60 (2013), 195–229 (p. 200) doi:10.1163/15685276-12341263.

27 Edwards, Karen L. (2015), "The King James Bible and Biblical Images of Desolation", The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Early

28 Modern England, c. 1530-1700, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 71–82, ISBN 978-0-19-968697-1 (pp. 75–76).

29 Wolfson, E. R. (2006). Venturing Beyond - Law and Morality in Kabbalistic Mysticism. Vereinigtes Königreich: OUP Oxford. p. 103 Emil G. Hirsch, Richard Gottheil, Kaufmann Kohler, Isaac Broydé, 'Demonology', Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-6).

30 Eichler, Paul Arno. "Die Dschinn, Teufel und Engel im Koran." (1928). p. 13

31 Edwards, Karen L. (2015), "The King James Bible and Biblical Images of Desolation", The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Early Modern England, c. 1530-1700, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 71–82, ISBN 978-0-19-968697-1 (p. 75).

32 Edwards, Karen L. (2015), "The King James Bible and Biblical Images of Desolation", The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Early Modern England, c. 1530-1700, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 71–82, ISBN 978-0-19-968697-1 (p. 76).

33 Link, Luther (1995), The Devil: A Mask Without a Face, London, England: Reaktion Books, ISBN 978-0-948462-67-2 (pp. 44–45). Benjamin W. McCraw, Robert Arp Philosophical Approaches to Demonology Routledge 2017 ISBN 978-1-315-46675-0, p. 9.

34 Hutter, Manfred, Görg, Manfred, Kollmann, Bernd, Haustein, Jörg, Koch, Guntram, Streib, Heinz, Veltri, Giuseppe, Dan, Joseph and Krawietz, Birgit, “Demons and Spirits”, in: Religion Past and Present. Consulted online on 31 January 2024 doi:10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_COM_03364, First published online: 2011, First print edition: ISBN 9789004146662, 2006-2013

35 Löwinger, Adolf. “Der Windgeist Keteb.” Mitteilungen Zur Jüdischen Volkskunde, 26/27, 1924, pp. 157–170. JSTOR 41459639 (German)

36 Henry Baker Tristram The Natural History of the Bible: Being a Review of the Physical Geography, Geology, and Meteorology of the Holy Land, with a Description of Every Animal and Plant Mentioned in Holy ScriptureSociety for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1873 p. 132

37 Alexander Kulik, 'How the Devil Got His Hooves and Horns: The Origin of the Motif and the Implied Demonology of 3 Baruch', Numen, 60 (2013), 195–229 (S. 200) doi:10.1163/15685276-12341263.

38 Slifkin, Natan. "A History of Rabbinic Attitudes to Demons." (2011). p. 10

39 Çoruhlu, Yaşar. "Türk Sanatında Kötü Ruhlar." MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler 1.21 (2020): 59-88.

40 "Shaitan | Jinn, Demons & Devils | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-09-20.

41 Khan, S. (18 Nov. 2024). Spirit of the Mind. Leiden, Niederlande: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004719033 p. 35

42 R. M. Savory Introduction to Islamic CivilizationCambridge University Press, 1976 ISBN 978-0-521-09948-6 p. 42

43 Szombathy, Zoltan. "Exorcism". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).

44 Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online.

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[1] Bane, Theresa (2014-01-10). Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures. McFarland. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-7864-8894-0.

[2] "Sumerian Deities". Sarissa.org. Archived from the original on 2010-12-20. Retrieved 2010-09-12.

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See also

References